April 30 - Pius V is the 255th Pope of the Catholic Church from 1566 to 1572. Antonio Ghislieri is his real name, born on 17 January 1504 in Bosco d'Alexandria in the diocese of Tortone.

Born into a well-to-do peasant family, he entered the Dominicans at the age of 14 and was ordained priest in 1528. He taught philosophy and theology for 16 years in the Order and became master of novices.

In 1546 he entered the Holy Office. His activity in Como and Bergamo attracted the attention of Cardinal Carafa, the future Paul IV, who appointed him General Commissioner of the Inquisition in Rome in 1551. In 1556 Paul IV appointed him Bishop of Sutri and Inquisitor of the Faith in Milan and Lombardy, then in Spanish possession.

In 1557, he received the cardinal's hat as Santa Maria sopra Minerva, created for this occasion by Paul IV, and was made Grand Inquisitor in 1558 by the same pope.

In 1559 he was transferred to the diocese of Mondovi. There he carried out intense pastoral activity. He fought against Emmanuel-Philibert, Duke of Savoy to maintain the privileges of the Church and protected the recently founded Barnabites (1553). During the Council of Trent, he remains faithful to the Carafa clan.

On the death of Pius IV, he was elected Pope on 7 January 1566 and crowned on the 19th. As soon as he was elected, he set about reducing luxury and dissipation at the papal court. His first target was the collection of Greco-Roman statues at the Belvedere, which he considered to be idols. The statues are hidden from the public and the most sensual ones are transferred to the Capitol.

He also undertook to reform the Roman Curia. He modified the date, which was responsible for granting ecclesiastical benefits, and the Apostolic Penitentiary. In 1569, he put an end to the controversy over the primacy of the construction of the two basilicas of the Lateran and the Vatican by granting it to the Church of the Lateran.

In order to promote the unity of the Catholic world he extended to the whole Latin Church the use of the Tridentine form of the Roman rite (so called because it followed the Council of Trent) by the bull Quo primum, in 1570. By this decision he did not create a new rite but made the celebration of the sacraments obligatory according to the rite in use in Rome for a very long time.

In 1571 he also created the congregation of the Index, whose mission was to watch over the orthodoxy and the moral level of publications. Finally, he had the Roman Catechism from the Council of Trent, a breviary and a Latin missal written, which were to be authoritative until the liturgical reforms of Vatican II in 1965. He reaffirmed the primacy of the Pope over civil power by the Bull In Cœna Domini.

Deciding to put an end to Anglicanism, he excommunicated Elizabeth I of England in 1570 with the bull Regnans in Excelsis. On the outside, Pius V tried to unite Christianity against the Turks. In the first year of his reign, he proclaimed a jubilee to implore victory from God. In the same vein, he supported the Order of St. John of Jerusalem and the Christians of Hungary.

Pius V died on May 1, 1572 from the disease of the stone. His reforms set the Church on a new path and brought about a moral recovery of the ecclesial institution. He was beatified by Clement X in 1672 and canonized by Clement XI on 4 August 1712. Pope Paul VI moved his feast day, normally May 5, to April 30.

Contenu soumis à la licence CC-BY-SA. Source : Article Pie V de Wikipédia en français (auteurs)